Parliamentary Elections
Nominating candidates and lists for Parliamentary Elections
Campaign funding
Support for Campaign Activities in the General Election of Members of Parliament
1. Financial support for Single-Member Constituency Candidates
In the general election of Members of the National Assembly, each single-member constituency candidate is entitled to funding from the state budget as specified in Sections 1 (1) and (2) of Act LXXXVII of 2013 on the Transparency of Campaign Costs in Parliamentary Elections. The amount of funding (one million forints) has been increasing annually since 2015 based on the consumer price index determined by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office for the year preceding the next general election.
This support may only be used to finance material expenses related to campaign activities during the official election campaign period, as stipulated in the Act on Electoral Procedure.
The support is made available to the candidate by the Hungarian State Treasury, which, upon the candidate’s initiative, concludes an agreement within five working days following the final registration of the candidate.
Candidates nominated by a party with a national list may submit a written declaration to the Treasury no later than the day after their final registration, stating that they waive the support and instead authorize the nominating party to receive it.
2. Financial support for Parties Submitting a National List
Parties submitting a national list are entitled to budgetary support proportional to the number of candidates they nominate.
Parties submitting a joint list are considered as a single party for this purpose.
The subsidy may only be paid to the party that submitted the party list if, no later than the day after the party list becomes legally binding, it declares that if it fails to meet its repayment obligation by the deadline and the amount cannot be recovered from it, the party's senior officials and the candidates on the list and in the single-member constituencies shall be jointly and severally liable for the repayment of the funding.3. Financial support for National Minority Self-Governments
National minority self-governments that submit a national list in the general election of Members of the National Assembly are also eligible for state budget support.
The specific amount allocated to each national minority self-government submitting a national list is determined by the National Election Commission after the deadline for submitting national lists has passed and the decisions on registering all submitted lists have become final and binding.
Detailed information on campaign financing is available on the website of the Hungarian State Treasury at www.allamkincstar.gov.hu, under: Home > Non-residential clients > Parties, Candidates > Election Campaign Financing, or directly via the following link.
The parliamentary individual constituency candidate
The Parliamentary Single-Member Constituency Candidate
Parliamentary single-member constituency candidate may be any adult Hungarian citizen who is listed in the central electoral register, has collected at least 500 valid recommendations, and is registered by the competent parliamentary single-member constituency election commission (OEVB) at the place of candidacy.
Having a Hungarian residence is not a requirement for eligibility; a person can be a candidate even without it, provided he / she is included in the central electoral register upon request.
Limitations on the Right to Be Elected
A person is not eligible to be elected, i.e., cannot be a candidate, if:
- a court has excluded his / her from the right to vote due to committing a criminal offense or due to limited mental capacity,
- he / she is serving a custodial sentence based on a final court judgment,
- he / she is undergoing compulsory institutional psychiatric treatment ordered in a criminal procedure,
- he / she is subject to a final legal judgement forbidding him / her to participate in public affairs.
In the election of Members of Parliament, a candidate in a single-member constituency may run:
- as candidate of a party, or
- as an independent candidate.
Two or more parties may jointly nominate a common candidate.
A person may accept a nomination in only one single-member constituency.
Recommendation
For being a candidate in a single-member constituency, at least 500 voters’ valid recommendations are required. A candidate can only be recommended on a recommendation sheet issued by the Parliamentary Single-Member Constituency Election Office (OEVI) with a serial number.
Request for Recommendation Sheets
After the election has been called, voters wishing to stand as an independent candidate, or nominating organization registered by the National Election Commission, may request recommendation sheets from the Parliamentary Single-Member Constituency Election Office (OEVI) at the place of registration through an authorized representative. The request must be submitted on the A1 form.
It is important to note that recommendation sheets can only be requested for voters who have suffrage at the time of submitting the request.
Name
If candidates have multiple first names, they may request that only one of their first names be listed on the recommendation sheets, the ballot paper, and the official election website. Furthermore, they may request the removal of the “Dr.” title from their name. Once the recommendation sheets have been issued, the declaration of names cannot be changed.
Receipt of Recommendation Sheets
The relevant election office (OEVI) will provide the requested number of recommendation sheets to the authorized person no earlier than the 50th day before the election.
The recommendation sheet will contain the name of the voter wishing to stand as a candidate, the name of the nominating organization or the fact of independent candidacy, and the indication of the constituency. In case of a joint candidature, the election office will list the names of all the nominating organizations in the order specified by theA1form. The election office shall number the recommendation sheets.
Handing over Recommendation Sheets
The following persons may receive recommendation sheets
- voters who intend to run as candidates, as well as persons authorized by candidates to receive the sheets,
- the following representatives of legally registered nominating organizations:
- the legal representative(s), i.e. the person who is the representative of the organization according to the court registry of civil organizations;
- the person indicated on the registration form as authorized to act on behalf of the nominating organization;
- a person authorized by the persons referred to in points a) and b),
- a person authorized by the persons referred to in points a) to c) with a power of attorney in the form of a private deed or public deed with full probative force;
The election office will issue a receipt for the submission of the recommendation sheet. It is strictly forbidden to make copies of the recommendation sheets, even if they are not yet filled in!
Additional recommendation sheets can be requested until 16:00 on the 37th day before the election (the deadline for candidate registration), by filling out a new A1 form.
If the name of the voter wishing to run as a candidate or the name of the nominating organization changes after the first issuance of recommendation sheets, these changes will not be displayed on the additional sheets.
Gathering Recommendations
Voters may recommend candidates on a recommendation sheet, which must be signed by them and include their name, personal identification number, and Hungarian address. In the presence of voters, someone else may write their data on the recommendation sheet, but their signature is still required in this case. People collecting recommendations must also provide their own data on the recommendation sheet, including their name, personal identification number, or the number of their official identification document (identity card/passport/driving license), as well as their signature. It is important that independent candidates and nominating organizations pay special attention to ensure that people collecting the recommendations accurately records their details. If the person gathering recommendations records hid / her data incorrectly or incompletely (e.g., misspelling personal identification number, or using a maiden name instead of the legal name), this will invalidate all recommendations on that sheet.
Voters may recommend multiple candidates but may only support one candidate with one recommendation. Recommendations can be gathered anywhere without harassment, except in the following cases:
- At the workplace of the person gathering the recommendations during working hours,
- At the workplace of the voter recommending a candidate during working hours,
- While fulfilling work obligations stemming from an employment or similar legal relationship of the person gathering recommendations,
- While fulfilling the work obligations stemming from an employment or similar legal relationship of the voter recommending a candidate ,
- From members of the Hungarian Armed Forces or a central government employee at their workplace or while fulfilling their duties,
- On public transportation,
- In the offices of state, local, and national minority self-government bodies,
- In higher education and public education institutions,
- In healthcare service facilities,
- On private property open to the public without the owner's prior written consent.
We also draw the attention of all candidates and nominating organizations to the recommendations published by the National Authority for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (NAIH) regarding data management for elections, which should be observed by all concerned parties. The NAIH recommendations can be found on the following link..
Any recommendation collected in violation of the rules will be invalid!
It is prohibited to offer or promise any advantage to voters granting their recommendations in exchange for their support!
Registration of parliamentary single-member constituency candidates
Candidates for parliamentary single-member constituencies must register by submitting their recommendation sheets to the relevant parliamentary single-member constituency election commission (OEVB) (at the place of their candidacy) by 4 p.m. on the 37th day prior to the election at the latest. In addition to submitting the nomination forms, candidates must declare that they will not use foreign support or assets derived therefrom for the purpose of influencing or attempting to influence the will of voters in the election in question. The registration must be made using the E1 form.
Registrations can be made in the following ways:
Individual candidates can register by submitting their recommendation sheets and by a declaration regarding the exclusion of foreign support in the following ways:
- electronically:
- in accordance with the rules of electronic administration, to the official portal of the election office (mayor's office), or
- by email, with the candidate's electronic signature. The electronic signature may be:
- an e-signature in accordance with Section 54 of Act CIII of 2023 on the Digital State and Certain Rules on the Provision of Digital Services (hereinafter: Dáptv.) or
- a certified or enhanced electronic signature (Please note: it is not considered an electronic submission if the candidate signs the declaration, scans it, and then sends it to the election office by email!
- in person: it may be submitted either by the candidates themselves or by another person acting with or without a power of attorney, provided that the candidate has signed the declaration in advance, or
- it may also be sent by post, provided that the candidate has signed the declaration in advance. Submission is also considered valid if certain documents are delivered to the election office in different ways.
If candidates agree to the publication of their photo on the official election website, the photo must be attached with a file extension, resolution, and format, as specified by the law (JPEG extension, resolution of 240X340 pixel, portrait orientation.
Submission of the Recommendation Sheets
All recommendation sheets must be returned to the election office that issued them by the deadline for candidate registration. Recommendation sheets containing no recommendations must be returned no later than the day after the deadline for the candidate's registration. Anyone can submit the recommendation sheets to the election office without authorization.
Failing to meet this obligation will result in a fine imposed by the OEVB. The fine is 1,000 HUF for each missing recommendation sheet.
There is no exemption from this obligation, and the fine must be paid even if the recommendation sheets were lost or destroyed for reasons beyond the control of the fined candidate or party.
Verifying the Recommendations
The election office will check the submitted recommendations within 4 days from the candidate's registration.
The election office shall not verify the recommendations if the number of recommendations on the sheets does not reach the required number for nomination. The election office will stop verifying the recommendations once it is certain that the valid recommendations are enough for the candidate’s nomination.
If requested by the candidate or nominating organization, the election office will provide information on the results of the verifying process.
Registration of the Individual Candidate
The OEVB will register the candidate no later than 4 days after the submission of recommendations.
If the OEVB rejects the candidate's registration due to insufficient recommendations, the independent candidate or party can request additional signature sheets before 16:00 on the 37th day before the election by submitting an A1 form. The additional recommendations gathered and submitted on time will be added to the previously submitted ones. A new form must also be submitted in this case.
The general deadlines for submitting the additional sheets apply, so completed sheets must be submitted by 16:00 on the 37th day before the election, and blank sheets must be submitted by 16:00 the following day without penalty.
Rules for Nominating a Joint Candidate
In the parliamentary elections, two or more parties registered as nominating organizations may nominate a joint candidate.
The recommendation sheets for the joint candidate must be requested together by the nominating organizations from the election office of the OEVB, using the A1 form as specified by law.
If the joint candidate is nominated by more than five parties, the applicants must attach an additional copy of page 2 of the A1 form, clearly indicating the order of the organizations. This can be done by crossing out the listed numbers and writing the correct number, or by writing over the numbers with a pen.
Any solution is acceptable as long as it is clear to the election office how many organizations are nominating the candidate and in which order they appear on the recommendation sheet.
The joint candidate must be announced jointly by the nominating organizations to the OEVB using the E1 form. At the same time, the nominating organizations must indicate to which organization the candidate belongs for the purposes of the party's budgetary support.
Withdrawal of a Candidate
Individual candidates shall be disqualified if
- they are removed from the central electoral register before the start of the election in Hungary,
- they are no longer eligible to stand for election,
- the party nominating the candidate is removed from the register of nominating organizations by the National Election Office,
by 4 p.m. on the third day before the vote - after electronic identification, by means of a statement submitted electronically, in person or by proxy to the election office operating alongside the election commission deciding on registration - in writing.
A withdrawal after the above deadline does not have legal effect, and votes cast for the withdrawn candidate will still count as valid votes.
The name of the withdrawn candidate shall be deleted from the register of nominating organizations, candidates, and lists, as well as from individual ballot papers.
A candidate on the list shall also be eliminated if they do not obtain a mandate in the election and resign from their nomination in writing after the date of the vote.
The national list
The national list can be drawn up as a party list or a national minority list.
A national list may be drawn up by a party or national minority self-government registered as a nominating organization by the National Election Commission.
The national list is registered by the National Election Commission.
Rules for submitting Party Lists
A party may submit a party list if it has nominated candidates in at least 71 single-member constituencies in 14 counties and the capital. The party list must be announced by 16:00 on the 36th day before the election.
Two or more parties can submit a joint party list based on their joint single-member constituency candidates, but only with the participation of the same parties.
A party can only participate in either an independent or a joint party list submission.
The party list can include up to three times as many candidates as there are mandates available on the national list, i.e., a maximum of 279 candidates. If a candidate is removed from the party list, the next candidate on the list will take his / her place.
A person who is a candidate in a single-member constituency for a party can only appear on that party's party list. A person can only accept nomination on one national list (either party or national minority list).
Submission of the Party List
The party list must be submitted to the National Election Commission by 16:00 on the 36th day before the election.
The order of candidates on the party list is determined by the party, and this order cannot be changed after the list has been submitted.
The party list must be submitted using theL1form, as specified by the law. Each candidate on the party list must complete the SZ1 personal form, which must be attached to the L1 form for submission.
If a candidate on the party list has multiple middle names, they may request that only one middle name appears on the ballot paper and the official election website. The candidate may also request the title “Dr.” shall not appear on the ballot paper or the official election website, provided they have not made such a declaration as an individual candidate.
If the candidate agrees to the publication of their photo on the official election website, it must be attached with the file extension, resolution, and format specified by the law, and submitted with the SZ1 form.
Registrations can be completed in the following ways:
- electronically:
- in accordance with the rules of electronic administration, to the official portal of the National Election Commission Secretariat (NVBT KRID: 674469907), or
- by email to nvb@nvi.hu, with a certified or enhanced electronic signature authorized to represent the nominating organization (it is not considered an electronic submission if the representative signs the form and then scans it and sends the registration by e-mail to the election office),
- in person, even by a person acting without a power of attorney, if the form has been signed in advance by a person authorized to represent the nominating organization, or
- by post to the postal address 1397 Budapest, PO Box 547, provided that the form has been signed in advance by a person authorized to represent the nominating organization.
Submission is also considered valid if certain documents are sent to the National Election Office in different ways.
Registration of the Party List
The National Election Commission will register the party list no later than 4 days after the submission. During registration, the Commission will consider the number of individual candidates already submitted by the nominating organization up until the registration of the list, except for any candidate whose registration has been rejected by the single-member constituency election commission.
Rules for Submitting a Joint List
Two or more parties may submit a joint party list, but this can only be done if the joint single-member constituency candidates of the same parties are based on the participation of those specific parties. If a party that is registered as a nominating organization participates in submitting a joint party list, it may no longer submit an independent party list.
Any legal declarations related to the joint list must be made jointly by the nominating organizations that are submitting the joint list, through their authorized representatives.
Disqualification of a Registered Party List
- The nominating organization withdraws the list.
- All candidates on the list are disqualified before the start of the election.
- The National Election Office deletes the nominating organization and all nominating organizations participating in the joint list from the registration of nominating organizations, candidates, and lists before the election begins.
- The National Election Office deletes the party list from the registration if the party has failed to nominate a total of 71 single-member constituency candidates or has nominated candidates in fewer than 14 counties and the capital city.
- The National Election Office deletes the party list from the registration if, due to the disqualification of single-member constituency candidates, the number of legally registered single-member constituency candidates falls below 71, or the candidates have been nominated in fewer than 14 counties and the capital.
The disqualified list will be deleted from the register of nominating organizations, candidates, and lists, as well as from the ballot papers.
Rules for Submitting a National Minority List
Recommendations for Submitting a National Minority List
For submitting a national minority list at least 1% of the voters registered as national minority voters in the central electoral register shall recommend it 50 days before the election day , but no more than 1,500 valid recommendations should be gathered. Recommendations can only be submitted using the official recommendation sheet issued by the National Election Office.
Requesting the Recommendation Sheet
The national minority self-government may request a recommendation sheet from the National Election Office on form A2 for the purpose of gathering recommendations from voters after its registration as a nominating organization has become final, but no later than sixty-nine days before the date of the election.
The form can be submitted in the following ways:
- electronically:
- in accordance with the rules of electronic administration, to the official portal of the election office, or
- by email in the following manner (both for submission to the official portal and by email):
- Representatives of national minority self-governments may only sign the form with a certified or enhanced electronic signature, NOT with an e-signature in accordance with the Digital Citizenship!
- (Please note! Signing the form and then scanning it and sending it to the election office by email does NOT constitute electronic submission!
- in person: it may be submitted either by the candidates themselves or by another person acting with or without a power of attorney, provided that the form has been signed in advance by the candidate or, in the case of a candidate nominated by a nominating organization, by a person authorized to represent the nominating organization, or
- it can also be sent by post, provided that the form has been signed in advance by the candidate or, in the case of a candidate nominated by a nominating organization, by a person authorized to represent the nominating organization.
In addition to the above methods of submission, anyone can submit the form to the election office.
The National Election Office shall deliver the requested recommendation sheets without delay, but no earlier than 50 days prior to the election.
General assembly Decision on Submitting the List, Registration of the National Minority List
The national minority self-government's assembly on a country level must decide on submitting the national minority list in a resolution, under its non-transferable authority, no earlier than October 1st of the calendar year before the general election of Members of Parliament, and no later than 20 calendar days after the announcement of the date of the general election.
On the national minority list, any voter registered as a national minority voter in the central electoral register can be a candidate, provided that their membership of that national minority is also recorded in the register for the parliamentary elections.
A national minority list must contain at least three candidates.
The decision of the national minority self-government must include:
a) The names of the candidates and their order on the list.
b) The personal identification numbers of the candidates.
The decision must be recorded in writing no later than the following calendar day and published on the website of the national minority self-government, except for the personal identification numbers. The minutes of the decision must be recorded in writing no later than the third calendar day following the decision and sent to the capital and county government office responsible for supervising the legality of the national minority self-government. In matters relating to the national minority list in front of the National Election Commission and the National Election Office, the representative of the national minority self-government body may represent the body instead of the president, provided that he or she is authorized to do so in the decision on the list. For the authorization to be valid, the decision must include the name and personal identification number of the authorized person, together with the fact of the authorization. The only legal remedy against a decision on the list is an administrative proceeding without litigation, initiated through the metropolitan and county government offices responsible for supervising the legality of local governments. The appeal must be submitted in such a way that it arrives at the competent government office on the third day after the decision is published.
The rules governing the decision and the appeal against it are set out in Sections 117/A and 117/B of the Njtv.
The rules regarding decision-making and legal remedies are contained in Sections 117/A. and 117/B. of the Act on the Rights of National Minorities.
Provision of data of Voters Eligible for Recommendations
The National Election Office will provide the national minority self-government with the names and addresses of voters eligible for recommendations, without requiring a separate request, at the same time as the recommendation sheets are provided. These data can only be used for the purpose of gathering recommendations. Any other use, copying, or transfer to third parties is strictly prohibited.
Furthermore, at the written request of the national minority self-government, the National Election Office will provide the names, addresses, ages, and genders of voters registered as national minority voters in the central electoral register for the parliamentary election, free of charge, between the 38th and 13th days before the election. These data may only be used for direct political campaign purposes. Any other use, copying, or transfer to third parties is strictly prohibited.
A request form for data provision can be found here. (Using the form is not mandatory.)
The gathering of recommendations
National minority voters may recommend a candidate on the recommendation sheet, which must include their name, personal identification number, Hungarian address, and their own handwritten signature. While another person can write down their data on the sheet in the voter's presence, his / her own signature is still a mandatory requirement.
The recommendation sheet must also include the name, personal identification number, or the number of the identification document (ID card/passport/driving license) and the signature of the person gathering the recommendations. It is important that the nominating organization ensures that the person gathering the recommendations provides his / her data correctly. If the data of the person gathering the recommendations is incomplete or incorrect (e.g., a personal identification number is misspelled or a different version of the name is used), it will invalidate all the recommendations on that sheet.
Recommendations can be gathered anywhere without harassing citizens, with the following exceptions:
- At the workplace of the person gathering the recommendations during working hours,
- At the workplace of the voter recommending a candidate during working hours,
- While fulfilling work obligations stemming from an employment or similar legal relationship of the person gathering recommendations,
- While fulfilling the work obligations stemming from an employment or similar legal relationship of the voter recommending a candidate ,
- From members of the Hungarian Armed Forces or a central government employee at their workplace or while fulfilling their duties,
- On public transportation,
- In the offices of state, local, and national minority self-government bodies,in higher education and public education institutions,
- in healthcare service facilities,
- on private property open to the public without prior written consent of the owner.
We advise all nominating organizations to consider the recommendations of the National Authority for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (NAIH) regarding data management related to elections (available on www.naih.hu). The NAIH's recommendations can be found at the following link.
Violating the rules while collecting recommendations invalidates the collected recommendations!
It is prohibited to offer or promise any advantage to voters granting their recommendations in exchange for their support!Submission of recommendation sheets
All recommendation sheets must be returned to the National Election Office by 16:00 on the 36th day before the election. Sheets that do not contain any recommendations must be returned by 16:00 on the 35th day before the election. The recommendation sheets can be submitted to the National Election Office by anyone without the need for a power of attorney.
Failure to comply with this obligation, the National Election Commission shall impose a fine ex officio. The fine shall be HUF 1,000 for each recommendation sheet not submitted.
There is no exemption from this obligation, and the fine must be paid even if the recommendation sheets were lost or destroyed due to reasons outside the control of the national minority self-government.
Registration of the national minority list
The national minority list must be submitted to the National ElectionCommissionby4:00 p.m. on the 36th day prior to the election at the latest, together with the general assembly resolution, the list of candidates SZ1form and the recommendation sheets.
In summary, the conditions for submitting the national minority list are:
- registration of the national minority self-government as a nominating organization,
- the decision of the general assembly of the national minority self-government on drawing up alist,
- the collection of at least 1% but no more than 1500 valid recommendations from national minority voters,
- at least 3 candidates on the national minority list,
- completion of SZ1 forms for the candidates listed on the national minority list.
The National Election Commission will register the list no later than 4 days after the submission.
Withdrawal of candidates from the national list
- The candidate is deleted from the central electoral register before the start of the election,
- The right to be elected is lost,
- The nominating organization, or any organization involved in nominating the joint candidate, is deleted from the register of nominating organizations, candidates, and lists before the election begins,
- A resignation from the nomination must be submitted by 4 p.m. on the third day before the election through electronic identification, electronically, or in writing to the election office responsible for registering the candidates.
The withdrawal may be submitted electronically, in person, or by a proxy following electronic identification.
The disqualified candidate must be removed from the register of nominating organizations, candidates, and lists, as well as from single-member constituency ballot papers.
If a candidate is removed from the list, the next candidate on the list takes his / her place. No new candidates may be added to the registered list.
